Igihe cyose uhuye na traffic mu masaha ya nimugoroba na nimugoroba, uratekereza ko byaba byiza abantu benshi batwaye amagare kukazi?"Nibyo, bingana iki?"Ibihugu byinshi kandi byinshi byemeje ko bizagera kuri 2050 imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kandi Ubwongereza ni bumwe muri bwo.
Nubwo twateye imbere mubice bimwe na bimwe, imyuka iva mu bwikorezi ikomeza kwiyongera.Niba tudahinduye inzira mubuzima bwacu, ntidushobora kugera kuri net zeru.Noneho, gusiganwa ku magare ni kimwe mu bisubizo?
Kugira ngo twumve ingaruka zishobora guterwa no gusiganwa ku magare ejo hazaza, tugomba gusubiza ibibazo bibiri by'ingenzi:
1. Ni ikihe giciro cya karubone yo gusiganwa ku magare?Bigereranya bite nubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu?
2. Ubwiyongere bukabije bwamagare buzagira ingaruka kumyuka yacu ya karubone?
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko karuboni ikirenge cyamagare igera kuri garama 21 za dioxyde de carbone kuri kilometero.Ibi ni bike nko kugenda cyangwa gufata bisi, kandi ibyuka bihumanya bitarenze icya cumi cyo gutwara.
Hafi ya bitatu bya kane byicyuka cyangiza parike yamagare bibaho mugihe ibiryo byinyongera bikenerwa kubyara amagare "lisansi", ahasigaye biva mugukora amagare.
Ikirenge cya karuboni yaamagare y'amashanyaraziniyo iri munsi yamagare gakondo kuko nubwo gukora bateri no gukoresha amashanyarazi bitanga ibyuka bihumanya, bitwika karori nkeya kuri kilometero
Igare ryangiza ibidukikije gute muburyo bwo gutwara abantu?
Kugirango ugereranye ibyuka byaAmagare ya karubonenizindi modoka, dukeneye kubara umubare rusange wibyuka bihumanya ikirere kuri kilometero.
Ibi bisaba gusesengura ubuzima.Isuzuma ryubuzima bukoreshwa mukugereranya ibyuka byibicuruzwa bitandukanye, kuva amashanyarazi kugeza kanseri yimikino.
Ihame ryakazi ryabo nukwongerera isoko ibyuka byose mubuzima bwibicuruzwa byose (umusaruro, imikorere, kubungabunga, no kujugunya) no kugabana nibicuruzwa byingirakamaro ibicuruzwa bishobora gutanga mubuzima bwabyo.
Kuri sitasiyo yamashanyarazi, ibisohoka birashobora kuba umubare wingufu zose zamashanyarazi zitanga mubuzima bwayo;ku modoka cyangwa ku igare, ni umubare wa kilometero wagenze.Kugirango tubare ibyuka bihumanya kuri kilometero yamagare kugirango tugereranye nubundi buryo bwo gutwara, dukeneye kumenya:
Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bijyanyegukora amagareno gutunganya.Noneho gabanya umubare ugereranije wa kilometero hagati yumusaruro no gutunganya.
Ibyuka bihumanya biterwa nibiribwa byiyongereye kuri kilometero bitanga lisansi kubatwara amagare.Ibi bikorwa mukubara karori yinyongera isabwa kuri kilometero imwe hanyuma ukayigwizaho impuzandengo y'ibicuruzwa byangiza ibiribwa kuri calorie yakozwe.
Birakwiye ko twemera ko uburyo bwabanje bworoshye cyane kubera impamvu zikurikira.
Ubwa mbere, ifata ko buri kalori yinyongera ikoreshwa nubundi karori ikoreshwa mumirire.Ariko ukurikije iyi ngingo isubiramo yiswe "Ingaruka zimyitozo ngororamubiri ku gufata ibiryo n'umubyibuho ukabije w'umubiri: Incamake y'ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe", iyo abantu batwitse karori nyinshi binyuze mu myitozo ngororamubiri, ubusanzwe ntibarya karori nyinshi mu mirire yabo ...
Muyandi magambo, bagabanya ibiro babuze karori.Kubwibyo, iri sesengura rishobora kugereranya ibiryo byangiza amagare.
Icya kabiri, ifata ko abantu badahindura ubwoko bwibiryo mugihe imyitozo, ubwinshi.Ibiryo bitandukanye bigira ingaruka zitandukanye kubidukikije.
Muri icyo gihe, ntibireba ko niba abantu batwaye amagare kenshi, barashobora kwiyuhagira cyane, gukaraba imyenda myinshi, cyangwa gukoresha amafaranga menshi mubindi bikorwa byangiza (ibyo abashinzwe ibidukikije bita ingaruka ya Rebound).
Ni ikihe giciro cyibidukikije cyo gukora igare?
Gukora amagare bisaba ingufu runaka, kandi byanze bikunze umwanda uzaba.
Ku bw'amahirwe, imirimo myinshi yakozwe muri ubu bushakashatsi yiswe "Quantifying Bicycle CO2 Emission" yakozwe na Federasiyo y’amagare (ECF).
Umwanditsi akoresha amakuru avuye mububiko busanzwe bwitwa ecoinvent, ashyira mubikorwa itangwa ryibidukikije kubintu bitandukanye nibicuruzwa.
Duhereye kuri ibyo, babaze ko gukora igare ry’abatwara abagenzi mu Buholandi rifite uburemere bwa 19.9 kg kandi ahanini bikozwe mu byuma byavamo kg 96 za gaze karuboni.
Iyi shusho ikubiyemo gukora ibikoresho bisabwa mubuzima bwayo.Bizera ko imyuka iva mu guta cyangwa gutunganya amagare ari ntarengwa.
CO2e (CO2 ihwanye) bivuga ubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwisi yose ya gaze ya parike (harimo CO2, methane, N2O, nibindi) yasohotse, bigaragazwa nkuburemere bwa CO2 busabwa kugirango butere ubushyuhe buke mugihe cyimyaka 100.
Ibibazo by'ibikoresho
Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry’ibyuma ku isi, kuri buri kilo y’ibyuma byakozwe, impuzandengo ya kilo 1,9 ya dioxyde de carbone.
Raporo "Incamake y’ibidukikije kuri Aluminium mu Burayi", ivuga ko kuri buri kilo cya aluminiyumu yakozwe, impuzandengo ya kilo 18 ya dioxyde de carbone irekurwa, ariko igiciro cya karubone cyo gutunganya aluminium ni 5% gusa by’ibikoresho fatizo.
Ikigaragara ni uko imyuka iva mu nganda zikora ibintu bitandukanye bitewe n'ibikoresho, bityo imyuka iva mu nganda ikora nayo igatandukana ku igare.
Raporo ya kaminuza ya Duke ivuga ko umusaruro w’umuhanda wa Allez wihariye wa aluminiyumu wonyine utanga kg 250 za karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone, mu gihe ikariso ya fibre yihariye ya Rubaix itanga kg 67 za gaze karuboni.
Umwanditsi yizera ko kuvura ubushyuhe bwa aluminiyumu yo mu rwego rwo hejuru byongera cyane ingufu zikenerwa n’inganda za karuboni.Ariko, umwanditsi yerekana ko ubu bushakashatsi bushobora kuba budahwitse.Twasabye abanditsi n'abahagarariye abahanga muri ubu bushakashatsi kubisobanura neza, ariko ntiturabona igisubizo.
Kubera ko iyo mibare ishobora kuba idahwitse kandi ntago ihagarariye inganda zose zamagare, tuzakoresha ishyirahamwe ry’ubukungu bw’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (ECF) ryagereranije imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone kuri buri gare igera kuri 96, ariko umenye ko ikirenge cya buri gare gishobora kuba a itandukaniro rinini cyane.
Nibyo, imyuka ya parike ntabwo aricyo kibazo cyonyine cyo gukora amagare.Hariho kandi kwanduza amazi, kwanduza ikirere, imyanda, nibindi, bizatera ibindi bibazo usibye imihindagurikire y’ikirere.Iyi ngingo yibanze gusa ku ngaruka zo gusiganwa ku magare ku bushyuhe bw’isi.
Gukora imyuka ihumanya kuri kilometero
ECF ikomeza ivuga ko impuzandengo y'ubuzima bw'igare ari kilometero 19.200.
Kubwibyo, niba ibiro 96 byuka byangiza imyuka ya karubone bisabwa kugirango bikore igare bigabanijwe mu birometero 19.200, noneho inganda zikora izohereza garama 5 za dioxyde de carbone kuri kilometero.
Ni ikihe giciro cya karubone y'ibiryo bikenewe kugirango habeho kilometero imwe?
ECF yabaze ko umunyonzi w'amagare agereranya kilometero 16 mu isaha, apima ibiro 70, kandi akoresha karori 280 mu isaha, mu gihe iyo atagendeye ku igare, atwika karori 105 mu isaha.Kubwibyo, umunyonzi ukoresha ikigereranyo cya karori 175 kuri kilometero 16;ibi bihwanye na karori 11 kuri kilometero.
Amagare yaka karori angahe?
Kugirango duhindure imyuka ihumanya kuri kilometero, dukeneye kandi kumenya impuzandengo ya gaze ya parike kuri karori yibiribwa byakozwe.Ibyuka biva mu musaruro wibiribwa bifata uburyo bwinshi, harimo guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka (nkumwuzure n’amashyamba), umusaruro w’ifumbire, ibyuka byangiza amatungo, ubwikorezi, hamwe n’ububiko bukonje.Birakwiye ko twerekana ko ubwikorezi (ibirometero ibiribwa) bingana gusa agace gato k'ibyuka bihumanya biva muri sisitemu y'ibiryo.
Muri rusange, ni byiza cyane kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya utwaye igare.
Bike
Wige byinshi kubicuruzwa bya Ewig
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-22-2021