Eli li…”nzulu kakhulu”… inqaku lebhayisekile |I-EWIG

Ngalo lonke ixesha ujongene nokuxinana kweenqwelo-mafutha kusasa nangokuhlwa ngeeyure zokuxakeka, ngaba ucinga ukuba kungangcono ukuba abantu abaninzi bakhwele iibhayisekile xa besiya emsebenzini?"Kulungile, ngcono kangakanani?"Amazwe amaninzi athembise ngokusemthethweni ukuphumeza i-zero net carbon emissions ngo-2050, kwaye i-UK yenye yazo.

Nangona siye senza inkqubela kwezinye iindawo, ukukhutshwa kwezinto zothutho kusaqhubeka nokunyuka.Ukuba asiyitshintshi indlela yobomi bethu, asinako ukufikelela ku-zero.Ke, ngaba ukukhwela ibhayisekile yinxalenye yesisombululo?

Ukuqonda ifuthe elinokubakho lokukhwela ibhayisekile kwikamva elizinzileyo, kufuneka siphendule imibuzo emibini engundoqo:

1. Lithini ixabiso lekhabhoni lokuhamba ngebhayisikile?Injani xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuhamba?

2. Ngaba ukunyuka okumangalisayo kokuhamba ngebhayisikile kuya kuba nefuthe kwikhabhoni yethu?

Uphononongo lufumene ukuba i-carbon footprint yebhayisikile imalunga ne-21 grams ye-carbon dioxide ngekhilomitha.Oku kungaphantsi kokuhamba okanye ukuthatha ibhasi, kwaye ukukhutshwa kungaphantsi kwesinye seshumi sokuqhuba.

Malunga neekota ezintathu zokukhutshwa kwegesi yobushushu bebhayisikile kwenzeka xa ukutya okongeziweyo okufunekayo ukuvelisa iibhayisekile "zamafutha", okuseleyo kuvela ekwenzeni iibhayisekile.

Umzobo wekhabhoni weiibhayisekile zombaneingaphantsi nakweyaebhayisekile zemveli kuba nangona ukwenziwa kwebhetri kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane kuvelisa izinto ezikhutshwayo, zitshisa iicalories ezimbalwa ngekhilomitha nganye.

Ibhayisekile yeentaba zeCarbon fiber

Ingaba ikhuselekile kangakanani kokusingqongileyo ibhayisekile njengendlela yothutho?

Ukuze uthelekise ukukhutshwa kweiibhayisekile ze-carbon fiberkunye nezinye izithuthi, kufuneka sibale inani lilonke lokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse ngekhilomitha.

Oku kufuna uhlalutyo lomjikelo wobomi.Uvavanyo lomjikelo wobomi lusetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa ukukhutshwa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizityalo zamandla ukuya kwizinto zokudlala.

Umgaqo wabo wokusebenza kukudibanisa yonke imithombo yokukhupha ngexesha lobomi bonke bemveliso (ukuveliswa, ukusebenza, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulahlwa) kunye nokwahlula ngemveliso eluncedo enokubonelela ngemveliso ngexesha lokuphila kwayo.

Kwisikhululo samandla, esi siphumo sinokuba sisixa esipheleleyo samandla ombane esiwavelisayo ngexesha lokuphila kwaso;ngemoto okanye ibhayisekile, linani leekhilomitha ezihanjiweyo.Ukuze ubale ukukhutshwa kweebhayisekile ngekhilomitha nganye xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zothutho, kufuneka sazi:

Ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yeGreenhouse enxulumene neukwenziwa kweebhayisekilekunye nokusebenza.Emva koko yahlula ngenani eliphakathi kweekhilomitha phakathi kwemveliso kunye nokulungiswa.

Izinto ezikhutshwayo eziveliswa kukutya okongezelelekileyo okuveliswa ngekhilomitha nganye zibonelela ngamafutha kubakhweli beebhayisikile.Oku kwenziwa ngokubala iikhalori ezongezelelweyo ezifunekayo kumjikelo wekhilomitha nganye kwaye uyiphindaphinde nge-avareji yokukhutshwa kokutya kwekhalori nganye eveliswayo.

Kufanelekile ukuvuma ukuba indlela yangaphambili ilula kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.

Okokuqala, ithatha ukuba yonke ikhalori eyongezelelweyo esetyenzisiweyo yenye ikhalori esetyenziswe ngokutya.Kodwa ngokutsho kweli nqaku lokuphonononga elinesihloko esithi "Iimpembelelo zokuSebenza ngokutya kunye nokutyeba koMzimba: Isishwankathelo soPhando oluPapashiweyo", xa abantu betshisa iikhalori ezininzi ngokuzilolonga, ngokuqhelekileyo abadli iikhalori ezininzi ekudleni kwabo ...

Ngamanye amazwi, balahlekelwa ubunzima ngenxa yokungabi neekhalori.Ke ngoko, olu hlalutyo lunokuqikelela ukukhutshwa kokutya kweebhayisekile.

Okwesibini, kucinga ukuba abantu abatshintshi uhlobo lokutya ngexesha lokuzivocavoca, kuphela ubuninzi.Ukutya okuhlukeneyo kuneempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kokusingqongileyo.

Kwangaxeshanye, ayithatheli ngqalelo into yokuba ukuba abantu bakhwela iibhayisekile rhoqo, basenokuhlamba ngakumbi, bahlambe iimpahla ezininzi, okanye bachithe imali eninzi kwezinye izinto ezingcolisa indalo (oko kukuthi izazi ngemekobume ziyibiza ngokuba yiRebound effect).

ibhayisekile yaseTshayina yeentaba

Zithini iindleko zokusingqongileyo zokwenza ibhayisekile?

Ukwenza iibhayisekile kufuna umlinganiselo othile wamandla, yaye ungcoliseko luya kwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ngethamsanqa, mninzi umsebenzi owenziwe kolu phononongo olunesihloko esithi "Quantifying Bicycle CO2 Emissions" olwenziwa yi-European Bicycle Federation (ECF).

Umbhali usebenzisa idatha evela kwisiseko sedatha esiqhelekileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ecoinvent, echaza impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokubonelela ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso.

Kule nto, babala ukuba ukuveliswa kwebhayisikili yaseDutch enobunzima obuyi-19.9 kg kwaye ngokukodwa eyenziwe ngentsimbi kuya kubangela i-96 kg ye-carbon dioxide emissions.

Eli nani libandakanya ukwenziwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezifunekayo kubo bonke ubomi balo.Bakholelwa ekubeni izinto ezikhutshwayo eziphuma ekulahlweni okanye ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kweebhayisikile azinamsebenzi.

I-CO2e (i-CO2 elinganayo) ibhekiselele kubushushu behlabathi obukhoyo kuzo zonke iigesi ze-greenhouse (kuquka i-CO2, i-methane, i-N2O, njl.) ekhutshwayo, echazwe njengobunzima be-CO2 obusulungekileyo obufunekayo ukubangela ukufudumala okufanayo kwisithuba seminyaka eyi-100.

Imiba yezinto eziphathekayo

Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-World Steel Association, kwikhilogram nganye yensimbi eveliswayo, umyinge we-1.9 kilogram ye-carbon dioxide ikhutshwa.

Ngokutsho kwengxelo ethi "I-Environmental Overview ye-Aluminiyam eYurophu", kwikhilogram nganye ye-aluminium eveliswayo, i-avareji ye-18 yeekhilogram ze-carbon dioxide ikhutshwa, kodwa ixabiso lekhabhoni lokuphinda lisetyenziswe i-aluminium yi-5% kuphela yezinto eziluhlaza.

Ngokucacileyo, izinto ezikhutshwayo ezivela kwishishini lemveliso ziyohluka ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ukuya kwisixhobo, ngoko ke izinto ezikhutshwayo kwishishini lemveliso nazo ziyahluka ukusuka kwibhayisekile ukuya kwibhayisekile.

Ingxelo yeYunivesithi yaseDuke iqikelela ukuba imveliso ye-aluminium alloy-specific Allez road frames iyodwa ivelisa i-250 kg ye-carbon dioxide emissions, ngelixa i-carbon fiber-specific Rubaix frame yenza i-67 kg ye-carbon dioxide emissions.

Umbhali ukholelwa ukuba unyango olushushu lweefreyimu eziphezulu ze-aluminium kwandisa kakhulu imfuno yamandla kunye nekhabhoni ye-carbon footprint yoshishino lokuvelisa.Nangona kunjalo, umbhali ubonisa ukuba olu phononongo lunokuba nokungachaneki okukhulu.Siye sacela ababhali kunye nabameli abazingcaphephe bolu phononongo ukuba bacacise malunga noku, kodwa abakafumani mpendulo.

Ngenxa yokuba la manani asenokungachaneki kwaye angameli lonke ishishini lebhayisekile, siya kusebenzisa i-European Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECF) eqikelelwayo ukuba icarbon dioxide ekhutshwa ngebhayisekile ibe yi-96 kg, kodwa qaphela ukuba i-carbon footprint yebhayisekile nganye inokuba umahluko omkhulu kakhulu.

Kakade ke, iigesi zegreenhouse azikuphela kwengxaki ekwenzeni iibhayisekile.Kukwakho nongcoliseko lwamanzi, ungcoliseko lwamasuntswana omoya, iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, njl. njl., eziya kubangela ezinye iingxaki ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwemozulu.Eli nqaku ligxile kuphela kwimpembelelo yokukhwela ibhayisekile kubushushu behlabathi.

Imveliso ekhutshwayo ngekhilomitha nganye

I-ECF ngokubhekele phaya iqikelela ukuba umndilili wobomi bebhayisekile ziikhilomitha ezingama-19,200.

Ke ngoko, ukuba iikhilogram ezingama-96 zokukhutshwa kwekharbon dioksidi ezifunekayo ukwenza ibhayisekile zisasazwa phakathi koluhlu lweekhilomitha ezingama-19,200, ke ishishini lokuvelisa liya kukhupha iigram ze-5 zekharbon dioxide ngekhilomitha.

Lithini ixabiso lekhabhoni lokutya okufunekayo ukuvelisa ikhilomitha enye?

I-ECF ibale ukuba umndilili webhayisikile umyinge weekhilomitha ezili-16 ngeyure, ubunzima obungama-70 eekhilogram, kwaye utya iikhalori ezingama-280 ngeyure, ngelixa ukuba abakhweli ibhayisekile, batshisa iikhalori eziyi-105 ngeyure.Ngoko ke, umkhweli webhayisikile usebenzisa umyinge we-calories ze-175 ngeekhilomitha ezili-16;oku kulingana neekhalori ezili-11 ngekhilomitha.

Zingaphi iikhalori ezitshiswa yibhayisekile?

Ukuguqula oku kukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ngekhilomitha nganye, kufuneka siphinde sazi umndilili wokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse ngekhalori nganye yokutya okuvelisiweyo.Ukukhutshwa kokutya okuphuma kwimveliso yokutya kuthatha ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka utshintsho kwindlela yokusetyenziswa komhlaba (ezifana nezikhukhula nokugawulwa kwamahlathi), ukuveliswa kwezichumiso, ukukhutshwa kwemfuyo, ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kwengqele.Kuyafaneleka ukuba kuboniswe ukuba ukuthutha (iikhilomitha zokutya) zenza kuphela inxalenye encinci yokukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokutya.

Ngokubanzi, kunqweneleka kakhulu ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokukhwela ibhayisekile.

Ukusuka kwiBike house