Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ubhekene nesiminyaminya ekuseni nakusihlwa ngezikhathi zejubane, ingabe ucabanga ukuthi kungaba ngcono uma abantu abaningi begibela amabhayisikili ukuya emsebenzini?"Kulungile, kungcono kangakanani?"Ayanda amazwe athembise ngokusemthethweni ukuthi azothola i-zero net carbon emissions ngo-2050, futhi i-UK ingelinye lawo.
Nakuba siye senza inqubekelaphambili kwezinye izindawo, ukungcola kwezinto zokuhamba kuyaqhubeka nokwenyuka.Uma singayishintshi indlela yokuphila kwethu, ngeke sifinyelele ku-zero.Ngakho-ke, ingabe ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kuyingxenye yesixazululo?
Ukuze siqonde umthelela ongaba khona wokugibela ibhayisikili ekusaseni elisimeme, kufanele siphendule imibuzo emibili ebalulekile:
1. Ithini izindleko zekhabhoni zokuhamba ngebhayisikili?Iqhathaniseka kanjani nezinye izinto zokuhamba?
2. Ingabe ukwanda okumangazayo kokuhamba ngebhayisikili kuzoba nomthelela ku-carbon footprint yethu?
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-carbon footprint yokuhamba ngebhayisikili icishe ibe ngamagremu angama-21 e-carbon dioxide ngekhilomitha.Lokhu kungaphansi kokuhamba ngezinyawo noma ukugibela ibhasi, futhi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kungaphansi kokukodwa kweshumi kokushayela.
Cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngamabhayisikili kwenzeka lapho ukudla okwengeziwe okudingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amabhayisikili "amafutha", okunye kuvela ekwenzeni amabhayisikili.
I-carbon footprint yeamabhayisikili kagesiiphansi ngisho kunaleyo yamabhayisikili endabuko ngoba nakuba ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri nokusebenzisa ugesi kukhiqiza ukukhishwa kwegesi, ashisa amakholori ambalwa ngekhilomitha.
Ibhayisikili le-Carbon fibre entabeni
Ingabe ibhayisikili liyilungele kangakanani imvelo njengendlela yokuthutha?
Ukuze uqhathanise ukukhishwa kweamabhayisikili e-carbon fiberkanye nezinye izimoto, sidinga ukubala inani eliphelele lesisi esingcolisa umoya ngekhilomitha ngekhilomitha.
Lokhu kudinga ukuhlaziywa komjikelezo wempilo.Ukuhlola umjikelezo wempilo kusetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, kusukela ezimbonini zamandla kuya kuma-consoles amageyimu.
Umgomo wabo wokusebenza uwukuhlanganisa yonke imithombo yokukhipha isikhutha phakathi nayo yonke impilo yomkhiqizo (ukukhiqiza, ukusebenza, ukunakekelwa, nokulahlwa) futhi bahlukanise ngokukhipha okuwusizo okungahlinzekwa umkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwawo.
Esiteshini samandla kagesi, lokhu okukhiphayo kungase kube inani eliphelele lamandla kagesi eliwakhiqizayo phakathi nokuphila kwaso;ngemoto noma ngebhayisikili, yinani lamakhilomitha ahanjiwe.Ukuze ubale ukukhishwa kwegesi ngekhilomitha ngalinye lamabhayisikili ukuze uqhathanise nezinye izindlela zokuthutha, sidinga ukwazi:
Ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuhlobene neukukhiqizwa kwamabhayisikilikanye nokucutshungulwa.Bese uhlukanisa ngenani lesilinganiso samakhilomitha phakathi kokukhiqiza nokucutshungulwa.
Isisi esikhiqizwa ukudla okwengeziwe okukhiqizwa ngekhilomitha ngalinye kunikeza uphethiloli kubagibeli bamabhayisikili.Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubala amakhalori engeziwe adingekayo ngomjikelezo wekhilomitha ngalinye futhi siwaphindaphinde ngesilinganiso sokukhishwa kokukhiqizwa kokudla ngekhalori ngayinye ekhiqizwayo.
Kuyafaneleka ukuvuma ukuthi indlela yangaphambilini ilula kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala, kuthatha ukuthi wonke amakhalori angeziwe adliwe enye ikhalori esetshenziswa ngokudla.Kodwa ngokwalesi sihloko sokubuyekeza esinesihloko esithi "Imiphumela Yokuzivocavoca Ekudleni Ukudla Nokukhuluphala Komzimba: Isifinyezo Socwaningo Olushicilelwe", lapho abantu beshisa ama-calories engeziwe ngokuzivocavoca, ngokuvamile abadli ama-calories amaningi ekudleni kwabo ...
Ngamanye amazwi, balahlekelwa isisindo ngokuntula ama-calories.Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlaziya kungase kulinganisele ngokweqile ukukhishwa kokudla kwamabhayisikili.
Okwesibili, kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu abashintshi uhlobo lokudla ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, kuphela inani.Ukudla okuhlukene kunemiphumela ehluke kakhulu endaweni ezungezile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunaki ukuthi uma abantu begibela amabhayisikili kaningi, bangase bageze kaningi, bawashe izingubo eziningi, noma bachithe imali eyengeziwe kwezinye izinto ezingcolisayo (lokho izazi zemvelo ezikubiza ngokuthi i-Rebound effect).
ibhayisikili le-carbon mountain bike
Zithini izindleko zemvelo zokwenza ibhayisikili?
Ukwenza amabhayisikili kudinga isilinganiso esithile samandla, futhi ukungcola kuyokwenzeka nakanjani.
Ngenhlanhla, mkhulu umsebenzi owenziwe kulolu cwaningo olunesihloko esithi "Quantifying Bicycle CO2 Emissions" olwenziwa yi-European Bicycle Federation (ECF).
Umbhali usebenzisa idatha evela kusizindalwazi esivamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-ecoinvent, ehlukanisa umthelela we-supply chain kwemvelo wezinto ezihlukahlukene nemikhiqizo.
Kusukela kulokhu, babale ukuthi ukukhiqiza ibhayisikili labagibeli base-Dutch elinesisindo esijwayelekile se-19.9 kg futhi ikakhulukazi elenziwe ngensimbi kuzoholela ku-96 kg we-carbon dioxide emissions.
Lesi sibalo sihlanganisa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezisele ezidingekayo kuyo yonke impilo yayo.Bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhishwa kokulahlwa noma ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhayisikili kuyinto encane.
I-CO2e (okulingana ne-CO2) ibhekisela enanini eliphelele lokufudumala kwembulunga yonke lawo wonke amagesi abamba ukushisa (okuhlanganisa i-CO2, i-methane, i-N2O, njll.) akhishelwayo, avezwa njengenqwaba ye-CO2 emsulwa edingekayo ukuze kubangele inani elifanayo lokufudumala esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-100.
Izinkinga zezinto ezibonakalayo
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-World Steel Association, ngekhilogremu ngayinye yensimbi ekhiqizwayo, isilinganiso samakhilogremu angu-1.9 we-carbon dioxide akhishwa.
Ngokombiko othi "Environmental Overview of Aluminium in Europe", kuwo wonke amakhilogremu e-aluminium akhiqizwayo, isilinganiso samakhilogremu angu-18 we-carbon dioxide sikhishwa, kodwa izindleko zekhabhoni zokubuyisela kabusha i-aluminium yi-5% kuphela yezinto ezingavuthiwe.
Ngokusobala, ukukhishwa okuphuma embonini yokukhiqiza kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakho-ke okuphumayo okuvela embonini yokukhiqiza nakho kuyahlukahluka ngamabhayisikili ngamabhayisikili.
Umbiko weNyuvesi yaseDuke ulinganisela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamafreyimu emigwaqo e-alloy eqondene ne-alloy ethi Allez iyodwa kukhiqiza u-250 kg we-carbon dioxide emission, kuyilapho uhlaka lwe-carbon fiber-specific Rubaix lukhiqiza u-67 kg we-carbon dioxide emissions.
Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamafreyimu aphezulu e-aluminium kwandisa kakhulu isidingo samandla kanye ne-carbon footprint yemboni yokukhiqiza.Kodwa-ke, umbhali uveza ukuthi lolu cwaningo lungase lube nokunemba okukhulu.Sicele ababhali nabameleli abangochwepheshe balolu cwaningo ukuthi benabe ngalokhu, kodwa abakakatholi impendulo.
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinombolo zingase zinganembile futhi zingameli yonke imboni yamabhayisikili, sizosebenzisa i-European Economic Cooperation Organization (ECF) elinganisela ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngebhayisikili kube ngu-96 kg, kodwa qaphela ukuthi i-carbon footprint yebhayisikili ngalinye ingaba umehluko omkhulu kakhulu.
Yiqiniso, amagesi abamba ukushisa akuwona kuphela inkinga ekwenzeni amabhayisikili.Kukhona nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya zomoya, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, njll., okuzodala ezinye izinkinga ngaphandle kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Lesi sihloko sigxile kuphela kumthelela wokuhamba ngebhayisikili ekufudumaleni komhlaba.
Ukukhiqiza izinto ezikhishwayo ngekhilomitha
I-ECF iphinda ilinganisela ukuthi isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwebhayisikili singamakhilomitha angu-19,200.
Ngakho-ke, uma amakhilogremu angama-96 okukhishwa kwesikhutha esidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ibhayisikili asabalaliswa ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-19,200, imboni yokukhiqiza izokhipha amagremu angu-5 esikhutha ngekhilomitha ngekhilomitha.
Ingakanani izindleko zekhabhoni zokudla okudingekayo ukukhiqiza ikhilomitha elilodwa?
I-ECF ibale ukuthi umgibeli wamabhayisikili unesilinganiso samakhilomitha angu-16 ngehora, isisindo sakhe singamakhilogremu angu-70, futhi udla ama-calories angu-280 ngehora, kuyilapho uma engaligibeli ibhayisikili, ashisa ama-calories angu-105 ngehora.Ngakho-ke, umgibeli webhayisikili udla isilinganiso samakholori angu-175 ngamakhilomitha angu-16;lokhu kulingana nama-calories angu-11 ngekhilomitha.
Mangaki amakhalori ashiswa ukugibela ibhayisikili?
Ukuguqula lokhu kube ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngekhilomitha, sidinga futhi ukwazi isilinganiso segesi ebamba ukushisa ngekhalori ngayinye yokudla okukhiqizwayo.Ikhabhoni ephuma ekukhiqizweni kokudla ivela ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba (ezifana nezikhukhula nokugawulwa kwamahlathi), ukukhiqizwa kukamanyolo, ukukhishwa kwemfuyo, ukuthutha, nokugcinwa kwamakhaza.Kuyafaneleka ukuveza ukuthi ezokuthutha (amamayela okudla) zenza ingxenye encane kuphela yesamba esikhishwa ohlelweni lokudla.
Ngokuvamile, kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngokugibela ibhayisikili.
Kusuka endlini yebhayisikili
Funda kabanzi mayelana nemikhiqizo ye-Ewig
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-22-2021