A duk lokacin da ka fuskanci cunkoson ababen hawa da safe da maraice, kana tunanin zai fi kyau idan mutane da yawa suna hawan keke don aiki?"Lafiya, nawa yafi?"Kasashe da yawa sun yi alƙawarin a doka don cimma nasarar isar da iskar gas ta sifiri nan da shekarar 2050, kuma Burtaniya na ɗaya daga cikinsu.
Ko da yake mun sami ci gaba a wasu wurare, hayakin sufuri yana ci gaba da hauhawa.Idan ba mu canza hanya a rayuwarmu ba, ba za mu iya kaiwa net zero ba.Don haka, shin hawan keke yana cikin mafita?
Don fahimtar yuwuwar tasirin hawan keke kan makoma mai dorewa, dole ne mu amsa tambayoyi guda biyu:
1. Menene farashin carbon na hawan keke?Yaya aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin sufuri?
2. Shin haɓakar hawan keke mai ban mamaki zai yi tasiri akan sawun carbon ɗin mu?
Binciken ya gano cewa sawun carbon da ake yi a keke ya kai giram 21 na carbon dioxide a kowace kilomita.Wannan bai kai tafiya ko ɗaukar bas ba, kuma hayaƙin bai kai kashi ɗaya cikin goma na tuƙi ba.
Kimanin kashi uku cikin hudu na hayakin hayakin keke na faruwa ne lokacin da karin abincin da ake bukata don samar da kekunan "manfu", sauran ya fito ne daga kera kekuna.
The carbon sawun nakekunan lantarkima ya yi ƙasa da na kekuna na gargajiya domin duk da cewa kera batir da amfani da wutar lantarki suna fitar da hayaki, amma suna ƙone calories kaɗan a kowace kilomita.
Ta yaya keken yake da mutunta muhalli a matsayin hanyar sufuri?
Domin kwatanta fitar da hayakinkekunan fiber na carbonda sauran ababen hawa, muna bukatar mu lissafta jimillar yawan hayakin da ake fitarwa a kowace kilomita.
Wannan yana buƙatar nazarin yanayin rayuwa.Ana amfani da kimar zagayowar rayuwa don kwatanta fitar da kayayyaki daban-daban, daga masana'antar wutar lantarki zuwa na'urorin wasan bidiyo.
Ka'idar aikin su ita ce haɗa duk tushen hayaƙi yayin rayuwar samfurin gabaɗayan (samuwa, aiki, kiyayewa, da zubar) da rarraba ta hanyar fitarwa mai amfani wanda samfurin zai iya bayarwa yayin rayuwarsa.
Ga tashar wutar lantarki, wannan fitarwa na iya zama jimillar adadin makamashin lantarki da yake samarwa yayin rayuwarsa;ga mota ko keke, adadin tafiyar kilomita ne.Domin yin lissafin hayakin da ke fitarwa a kowace kilomita na kekuna don kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin sufuri, muna buƙatar sani:
Greenhouse iskar gas mai alaƙa dakera kekunada sarrafa su.Sannan a raba da matsakaicin adadin kilomita tsakanin samarwa da sarrafawa.
Hatsarin da ake samu ta hanyar karin abincin da ake samarwa a ko wacce kilomita yana samar da man fetur ga masu tuka keke.Ana yin haka ta hanyar ƙididdige ƙarin adadin kuzari da ake buƙata a kowane zagaye na kilomita da ninka shi ta matsakaicin hayaƙin samar da abinci a kowace kalori da aka samar.
Yana da kyau a yarda cewa hanyar da ta gabata ta kasance mai sauƙi saboda dalilai masu zuwa.
Na farko, yana ɗauka cewa kowane ƙarin adadin kuzari da aka cinye shine wani adadin kuzari da aka cinye ta hanyar abinci.Amma bisa ga wannan kasidar bita mai taken "Illar Motsa jiki Akan Abincin Abinci da Kiba: Takaituwar Binciken Da Aka Buga", lokacin da mutane ke ƙona calories ta hanyar motsa jiki, yawanci ba sa cinye adadin kuzari a cikin abincinsu ...
A wasu kalmomi, suna rasa nauyi ta rashin adadin kuzari.Don haka, wannan bincike na iya wuce gona da iri da fitar da kekuna ke fitarwa.
Na biyu, yana ɗauka cewa mutane ba sa canza nau'in abinci yayin motsa jiki, kawai adadin.Abinci daban-daban suna da tasiri daban-daban akan muhalli.
Haka kuma, ba a la’akari da cewa, idan mutane suka yawaita hawan keke, za su iya yin wanka da yawa, ko kuma su wanke tufafi, ko kuma su kashe kuɗi wajen wasu ayyukan ƙazanta (abin da masana muhalli ke kira da Rebound effect).
Menene farashin muhalli na yin keke?
Yin kekuna na buƙatar wani adadin kuzari, kuma babu makawa gurɓata zai iya faruwa.
An yi sa'a, an yi ayyuka da yawa a cikin wannan binciken mai suna "Quantifying Keke CO2 Emissions" wanda Hukumar Tarayyar Turai (ECF) ta gudanar.
Marubucin yana amfani da bayanai daga daidaitattun bayanai da ake kira ecoinvent, wanda ke rarrabuwa sarkar samar da tasirin muhalli na kayayyaki da kayayyaki daban-daban.
Daga wannan, sun ƙididdige cewa kera keken ɗan ƙasar Holland mai matsakaicin nauyin kilogiram 19.9 kuma akasari da ƙarfe zai haifar da fitar da iskar carbon dioxide kilo 96.
Wannan adadi ya haɗa da kera kayayyakin da ake buƙata a duk rayuwarsa.Sun yi imanin cewa hayakin da ake zubarwa ko sake amfani da kekuna ba shi da komai.
CO2e (CO2 daidai) yana nufin jimlar yuwuwar dumamar yanayi na duk iskar gas (ciki har da CO2, methane, N2O, da dai sauransu) da aka fitar, wanda aka bayyana azaman madaidaicin adadin CO2 da ake buƙata don haifar da adadin dumamar yanayi a cikin shekaru 100.
Matsalolin kayan aiki
Bisa kididdigar da hukumar kula da karafa ta duniya ta fitar, a kowace kilogiram na karfe da ake samarwa, ana fitar da matsakaicin kilogiram 1.9 na carbon dioxide.
A cewar rahoton "Bayyana Muhalli na Aluminum a Turai", ga kowane kilogram na aluminum da aka samar, ana fitar da matsakaicin kilogiram 18 na carbon dioxide, amma farashin carbon na sake yin amfani da aluminum shine kawai 5% na albarkatun kasa.
Babu shakka, hayaƙin da ake fitarwa daga masana'antar kera ya bambanta daga kaya zuwa kayan aiki, don haka hayakin da masana'antar kera ya bambanta daga kekuna zuwa keke.
Rahoton na Jami’ar Duke ya yi kiyasin cewa samar da firam ɗin titin Allez na musamman na aluminium shi kaɗai yana haifar da hayaƙin carbon dioxide kilogiram 250, yayin da takamaiman firam ɗin Rubaix na carbon fiber yana haifar da 67 kg na hayaƙin carbon dioxide.
Marubucin ya yi imanin cewa maganin zafi na firam ɗin aluminium mai tsayi yana ƙaruwa sosai da buƙatar makamashi da sawun carbon na masana'antar masana'anta.Koyaya, marubucin ya nuna cewa wannan binciken na iya samun kurakurai masu yawa.Mun nemi marubuta da kwararrun wakilan wannan binciken da su yi karin haske kan wannan, amma har yanzu ba mu samu amsa ba.
Saboda waɗannan lambobi na iya zama kuskure kuma ba sa wakiltar masana'antar kekuna gabaɗaya, za mu yi amfani da Hukumar Haɗin gwiwar Tattalin Arziƙi ta Turai (ECF) ta ƙiyasta hayaƙin carbon dioxide akan kowane keke ya kai kilogiram 96, amma ku sani cewa ƙafar carbon na kowane keke na iya zama babban bambanci.
Tabbas, ba iskar gas ba ne kaɗai ke da matsala wajen kera kekuna.Haka kuma akwai gurbacewar ruwa, gurbacewar iska, zubar da ruwa da sauransu, wadanda za su haifar da wasu matsaloli baya ga sauyin yanayi.Wannan labarin ya mayar da hankali ne kawai kan tasirin hawan keke kan dumamar yanayi.
Kera hayaki a kowace kilomita
ECF ta kuma yi kiyasin cewa matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar keke ya kai kilomita 19,200.
Don haka, idan aka rarraba nau'in hayaki mai nauyin kilo 96 na carbon dioxide da ake bukata don kera keke a cikin nisan kilomita 19,200, to masana'antun masana'antar za su fitar da giram 5 na carbon dioxide a kowace kilomita.
Menene farashin carbon na abincin da ake buƙata don samar da kilomita ɗaya?
ECF ta kididdige cewa masu hawan keke na tafiyar kilomita 16 a sa’a guda, nauyin kilogiram 70, kuma yana cin calories 280 a kowace sa’a, yayin da idan ba su hau keke ba, suna kona calories 105 a kowace awa.Don haka, mai hawan keke yana cinye matsakaicin adadin kuzari 175 a cikin kilomita 16;wannan yayi daidai da adadin kuzari 11 a kowace kilomita.
Calories nawa ke ƙone keke?
Domin mu mayar da wannan ya zama hayaki a kowace kilomita, muna kuma buƙatar sanin matsakaicin iskar gas da ake fitarwa a kowane kalori na abincin da aka samar.Fitowar hayakin abinci yana da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, ciki har da sauye-sauyen amfani da ƙasa (kamar ambaliyar ruwa da sare dazuzzuka), samar da taki, hayaƙin dabbobi, sufuri, da ajiyar sanyi.Yana da kyau a nuna cewa sufuri (mil abinci) yana lissafin ɗan ƙaramin sashi na jimillar hayaƙi daga tsarin abinci.
Gabaɗaya, yana da matuƙar kyawawa don rage hayakin carbon ta hanyar hawan keke.
Daga gidan Bike
Ƙara koyo game da samfuran Ewig
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-22-2021